![]() Thus, the nasal cavity, the posterior pharynx, the glottis and vocal cords, the trachea, and all divisions of the tracheobronchial tree are included in the respiratory system. The respiratory system begins at the nose and ends in the most distal alveolus. The interstitium is composed primarily of lung collagen fibers and is a potential space for fluid and cells to accumulate. Alveolar spaces are responsible for most of the lung’s volume these spaces are divided by tissue known collectively as the interstitium. In adults, the lung weighs approximately 1 kg, with lung tissue accounting for 60% of the weight and blood the remainder. Because the divisions of the lung and the sites of disease are designated by their anatomic locations (right upper lobe, left lower lobe, etc.), it is essential to understand pulmonary anatomy in order to clinically relate respiratory physiology and pathophysiology. Unlike the heart but similar to the kidneys, the lungs demonstrate functional unity that is, each unit is structurally identical and functions just like every other unit. ![]() This large surface area is composed of myriads of independently functioning respiratory units. The lungs are contained in a space with a volume of approximately 4 L, but they have a surface area for gas exchange that is the size of a tennis court (~85 m 2).
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